Which case established the principle of judicial review?

The case that established the principle of judicial review is Marbury v. Madison. This landmark decision, issued by the Supreme Court in 1803, set a foundational precedent for the power of the judiciary to review the constitutionality of legislative acts and executive actions.

The Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice John Marshall, concluded that it had the authority to overrule laws that conflicted with the Constitution. This decision affirmed the role of the Court as a co-equal branch of government with the ability to check the powers of Congress and the President, thereby ensuring that all laws align with constitutional principles. This principle of judicial review solidified the judiciary’s role in safeguarding individual rights and maintaining the rule of law within the framework of American government.

In contrast, the other cases mentioned—Brown v. Board of Education, Roe v. Wade, and Plessy v. Ferguson—were significant in their own right, often concerning civil rights and liberties; however, they did not establish the principle of judicial review. Instead, those cases applied the already established judicial review to specific issues, such as racial segregation and reproductive rights.