Which amendment provides citizenship to anyone born or naturalized in the U.S.?

The 14th amendment is the correct choice because it explicitly establishes the principle of birthright citizenship, granting citizenship to all individuals who are born or naturalized in the United States. Ratified in 1868, the amendment was a key part of the Reconstruction era, aimed at ensuring that former slaves and their descendants enjoyed the full rights of citizenship. Its Equal Protection Clause also plays a crucial role in protecting the rights of citizens against discrimination, emphasizing the importance of equality under the law.

The other amendments mentioned do not pertain to citizenship: the 13th amendment abolished slavery; the 15th amendment granted African American men the right to vote, and the 19th amendment extended voting rights to women. Each is important in its own right but does not address the issue of citizenship in the way that the 14th amendment does.