What powers are specifically given only to the state government in the Constitution?

The powers specifically given only to the state government in the Constitution are known as Reserved Powers. These powers are established by the Tenth Amendment, which states that any powers not delegated to the federal government nor prohibited to the states are reserved for the states or the people. This ensures a division of responsibilities between state and federal authorities, allowing states to exercise control over a range of matters such as education, transportation, and local law enforcement.

Reserved Powers are essential for maintaining a federal system of government in which states can address their unique needs and preferences, allowing them to create laws and regulations that may differ from those at the national level. This distinction is crucial in understanding the balance of power in the U.S. political system, highlighting the importance of state sovereignty in areas of governance not specifically outlined for federal jurisdiction.