What is the power of the court to review all laws for constitutionality called?

The power of the court to review all laws for constitutionality is known as judicial review. This principle allows courts to evaluate whether legislative or executive actions comply with the Constitution. If a law is found to be unconstitutional, the court has the authority to invalidate it, thereby ensuring that the Constitution remains the supreme law of the land. This process plays a critical role in maintaining the system of checks and balances among the different branches of government, as it allows the judiciary to check the powers of the legislature and executive branches, thus protecting individual rights and upholding the rule of law. Judicial review was established in the landmark case Marbury v. Madison in 1803 and has since become a foundational aspect of American constitutional law.