What is judicial review?

Judicial review is the authority of the judiciary, particularly the Supreme Court, to evaluate the constitutionality of legislative acts and executive actions. This power allows the courts to determine whether laws passed by Congress or actions taken by the executive branch align with the Constitution. If a law is found to be in conflict with the Constitution, the courts have the ability to overturn it, thereby ensuring that the rule of law is maintained and that individual rights are protected under the Constitution.

The significance of judicial review lies in its role as a check on the powers of the legislative and executive branches, thereby upholding the principles of federalism and the separation of powers. This function supports the idea that no law or governmental action is above the Constitution, reinforcing the concept of constitutional supremacy.

The other options describe powers that are not related to judicial review. For instance, legislating new laws pertains to the authority of Congress, executing federal laws relates to the powers of the executive branch, and conducting elections falls under the jurisdiction of state and local governments, along with specific federal statutes. Thus, the focus of judicial review specifically on the constitutionality of laws makes the second choice the correct answer.