What is federalism?

Federalism is a governance structure characterized by the distribution of power between different levels of government, primarily the federal government and state governments. In a federal system, both the central authority and the constituent entities (like states) have the ability to make laws and govern within their respective jurisdictions. This division of responsibilities aims to balance power, ensuring that no single entity has dominance over the others.

The correct answer emphasizes this unique feature of federalism, highlighting the coexistence of different governing bodies, each with their own powers and responsibilities. This system allows for diversity in governance and can enable local governments to address specific regional issues while still being part of a larger national framework.

Additionally, while other choices mention related concepts, they do not capture the essence of federalism. Absolute state power does not align with the nature of federalism, as it downplays the role of the federal government. An administrative hierarchy of federal agencies pertains more to the organization of federal operations rather than the distribution of power, and a method of electing representatives addresses electoral processes, not the structure of government itself. Thus, the correct understanding of federalism lies clearly in the distribution of power among multiple levels of government.